An Investigation Into the Mental Health and Substance Abuse Among Veterans Essay Example for Free

An Investigation Into the Mental Health and Substance Abuse Among Veterans Essay Introduction There are numerous issues facing American veterans returning home from war, both past and present. They are taught how to transform themselves into different people who are better adept at performing under severe war-zone stressors. They are prepared physically and sometimes mentally for what they will be entering into on foreign territory but not often enough for the challenge of re-entering civilian life. Soldiers are falling through the cracks in our system upon returning home, shown through an increase in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance abuse among veterans. Two theories that I will be exploring in this paper are Conflict Theory and Phenomenology Theory. There is more conflict everyday over what our troops should be doing and why. Any doubt of following the path to become a soldier is critiqued as going against the protection of our country, yet once they come out the other end of this journey the supported soldier is gone and in its place is either the glorified hero or sympathized victim. The phenomena of PTSD can create confusion for everyone involved. There is rarely a great understanding of a soldier’s mind and how it interprets their experiences into reactions after war. These experiences have a real effect on their lives and how they care and handle themselves after war. The way society has constructed what a soldier should represent does not include asking for help and makes them appear weak when if they show vulnerability. This issue is important because even today with easier access to treatment, many veterans today won’t or can’t seek out help. To many it is easier to turn to substance abuse to self-medicate and erase confusion from past experiences. Book Examination In the book Fields of Combat, stories are told of how soldiers are trained to kill and understand that to be a true soldier you must accept you own death. Author Erin Finley describes what it is like for soldiers who came home and developed PTSD, and puts their experiences into a social and cultural perspective. She paints a portrait of PTSD to reveal to readers that there is no comprehensive way to understand or experience it. â€Å"As an anthropologist, I find the web of tangled arguments over PTSD fascinating because these conflicts are in many ways about the nature of war-related suffering itself† (Finley, 2011). She describes how to understand PTSD, we must listen to the experience and concerns of the veterans before we can begin to help them. Theory Exploration The Conflict Theory can be applied to many aspects of a veteran’s life, the individual, their families, communities, and organizations around them. These troops return home without knowing how to integrate back into society. The families who should be overjoyed about the safe return of one of their members are displaced without having proper resources to help their loved ones mental health. They are not given the same stress and trauma training the soldiers is given, nor do they know of the experiences causing change in the soldier. There is not often enough knowledge available to the family of what it will be like for the family to have a soldier return home and can be caught off guard by what the soldier will experience upon return. Communities are affected by having one of their members experiencing side effects of war form attempting to re-enter the work force to social events and even the death of such troops of veterans. There is much debate about how war is handled in t he United States. It is generally agreed upon that protection of American citizens is of importance, but from there on out there is little agreement among groups. When thinking about this debate I cannot help but recall driving up to an intersection in my hometown and seeing picketers on either side of the street. Pro-war protesters held signs on one hand that said â€Å"FREEDOM IS NOT FREE† while anti-war protesters fought back with signs that reminded drivers of the ever-growing death toll of soldiers and civilians. Each side questioning the motives behind the other, from wasting America’s resources to question one’s loyalty to America. While these groups have different interests about sending our troops off to war, they should be able to come together when the troops return in order to offer services to help return to a life as normal as possible. From a Marxist view, veterans can be seen as an exploitation of the government by using the troops to their advantage and profit. While the troops are deployed the government basically owns them, but when they return they must often fend for their own mental and physical well-being. Capitalism has created a class division in this case. The bourgeoisie of our government sit back passively and brush off the symptoms of PTSD as a common experience expected after war. The most common symptoms of PTSD for veterans are thoughts of suicide, domestic violence, substance abuse and panic attacks. These symptoms would cause concern from anyone else but they are brushed under the rug for veterans because it is simply assumed that war experiences will have these kid of severe affects on those exposed. To critique the theory that a small elite group is responsible for deploying troops, we must acknowledge that many groups with similar interests come together to enable war to take place. Propaganda is imposed among society from interest groups on either side of the fence on war. Troops do not simply decide to pack up and head overseas to kill people, nor are they currently forced into deployment; it is their choice to enlist. The people in higher government position who can declare war do not just wake up in that position, they are elected there by the people of this country knowing, for the most part, what views they stand behind. This theory is consistent with social works ethics because it represents the working class and wants to bring consciousness to those who hold power and how we can reduce conflict, ignorance, and inequality. Article Examination In the book, David Grossman tells readers how soldiers killing patterns have changed over time. During previous wars years ago soldiers were more reluctant to kill and fired their weapons more as a warning instead of a kill shot. The Army has since taken steps to increase the percentage of shorts fired to be directed at the actually enemy. Since it was shown to have be easier to get soldiers to kill from a distance instead of up close, machines were provided to allow for distance physically and mentally. The soldiers are basically be dehumanized to be better weapons to the government. He refers to this as Acquired Violence Immune Deficiency, where people have such a fear of what they are experience that their brain reverts to classical and operant condition, which the government has replaced by weakening the part of the soldier that does not want to kill and inserting the actions they prefer. Theory Exploration This action represents yet another way that higher ups are using soldiers as their own material resource, in context to the Conflict Theory. The exploitive subordination of soldiers allows the government to profit by actually influencing how the soldiers think. The government understands that changing the social behavior of a soldier will lead to more power over them and their actions. This theory would show clear winners being the government who benefits from soldiers subordination and the soldiers who suffer. In contrast, you cannot presume that every action the ruling government takes over soldiers is for their benefit alone. The actions, while not always moral, are taken to protect the entire country. Treatment is provided for returning soldiers, even if it is not know or easily accessible to all. The emphasis is not solely social control but consensus and conformity. To go to war is a decision made by different group, not only elites, and a general agreement must be reached before actions are taken with soldiers or deployment. Soldiers are not forced into employment; they conform to the position because their attitudes, beliefs and behaviors are similar to those around them in the Army. Article Examination In the article by David Zucchino, it tells about a soldier who opened fire from his home without warning because he felt he was under attack. This event took place after he received inadequate treatment for PTSD after being diagnosed at â€Å"high risk† for the disease. He was sent to a prison that did not offer him any further treatment for PTSD since they were not affiliated with the military. He is one of the many veterans that has not being given proper treatment after being diagnosed to be at rick for PTSD and ending up in civilian prison where they cannot access further help. He is now left in prison where his symptoms and condition will only worsen. Theory Exploration From the Phenomenology standpoint we would look at expectations of his experience to understand and describe this phenomena. Looking at what appears to be instead of reality, his subjective experiences show emotions he is not fully aware of. His actions, like those of other veterans, stem directly from past and present sensory experiences and cannot defined the same way for each person. The appearance of returning veterans is seen as this joyous moment where they step off a plane in to the loving arms of family and are then forgotten about by most of the culture. Families and communities are left to deal with the veteran’s actions without knowing the driving forces behind their appearance of their actions. The government sees what it wants to see and transfers that to the public. We are shown this ideal soldier who is deployed to protect us and comes home a hero, which our consciousness retained as a singular memory of a soldier. That is what society wants to believe about war because our consciousness does not want to identify killing, death, and destruction with our freedom or it would not be as easy to ship off members of our own community to their impending death. Once they return they are given a pat on the back for a job well done and turned over with the intention of re-entering a community as a normal member once again. We define the content of our consciousness as making this place, America, better by using an object, the soldier, to do so. â€Å"Central Prison has done a good job of treating Eisenhauer’s physical wounds† (Zucchino, 2012). We treat what we can see, but leave what we do not understand unattended. In this theory we can only see one side of the situation at a time, and we are stuck on this glorified soldier but cannot combine with him the vulnerability and confusion he returns home with. In critique to this theory, there are things outside of our memory and consciousness that do exist. Just because we cannot fully grasp what is happening to these veterans does not mean that it is not happening. They are sent essentially sent to another world to deal with hardships and are thrown back into reality without being reprogrammed. There are not always theoretical structures that will allow us to understand the phenomena of what the veterans will go through. References Carter, A. C., Capone , C., Eaton Short, E. (2011). Co-occurring posttraumatic stress disorder and alcohol use disorders in veteran populations. Journal of Dual Diagnosis, 7(4), 285-299. Finley, E. P. (2011). Fields of combat: Understanding PTSD among veterans of Iraq and Afghanistan. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Grossman, D. (2009). On killing: The psychological cost of learning to kill in war and society. New York: Back Bay Books. Levinson, N. (2012). What really happened to america’s soldier, The Nation. Retrieved November 20, 2012 from http://www.thenation.com/article/168652/what-has-really-happened-americas-soldiers# Litz, B., Orsillo, S. M. (2010). Iraq war clinician guide . (pp. 21-32). Department of Veteran Affairs. Retrieved December 1, 2012 from http://www.ptsd.va.gov/professional/manuals/manual-pdf/iwcg/iraq_clinician_guide_ch_3.pdf Stecker, T. (2011). 5 Survivors: Personal stories of healing from PTSD and traumatic events. Center City: Hazelden Foundation. Zucchino, D. (2012, June 24). Accused soldier is a prisoner to ptsd; believing he was under attack by insurgents, he started firing from his home. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved on December 1, 2012 from http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.uvm.edu/docview/1021854523/13AE8FF837D23A623BE/7?accountid=14679

Supporting a Smoking Ban Essay -- essays research papers

Smoking I am writing an essay about smoking and whether or not you smoke I would like to share my views with you. As well as my views I will also explain the views of others who support smoking. I chose this subject because it is something that really annoys me. My opinion is against it, especially in public places. My reasons are that it harms the smoker and others. Other people feel that smoking is not a bad thing and support it. My opinion of those people is that they are probably all smokers. My first argument against smoking is health. The health problems caused by smoking are serious and numerous. There is clear evidence here! Heart attacks, strokes, emphysema, abdominal aortic aneurysm, acute myeloid leukaemia, cataracts, cervical cancer, kidney cancer, pancreatic cancer, periodontitis, pneumonia, stomach cancer ,bronchitis, heart disease. In young people, three out of four deaths are caused by smoking! That?s only those deaths caused by heart disease, but it?s a problem as lots of deaths caused by heart disease are due to heredity from parents, lack of exercise, diet, diabetes, high blood pressure, stress and anger and obesity. There are so many causes for heart attacks and death and four out of five are caused by smoking. This is the main argument against smoking, the health of the smoker. Secondly, the person who is smoking is creating smoke. This is not only damaging the environment, it is annoying others. The smell is bad but the smoke can go into people?s lungs and cause cancer which could then kill them. This is known as passive smoking. Heart and lung disease can be caused by smoking so passive smoking could also give you the illness. If someone is standing in a group of people that are smoking, even if ... ...ed to take care of them when they get ill and they probably don?t realise or think of that. Some people believe that when they quit smoking they will put on weight, this may be true as smoking burns off an average of 200 calories a day, nicotine is an appetite suppressant which means you won?t feel the urge to eat, just to smoke. Metabolism is boosted. To sum up, you they don?t get the calories burned off and will be eating more, probably un-healthy things. There are ways to quit and not put on weight. Exercise more, keep healthy snacks at hand, avoid alcohol, and take nicotine pills, patches, or fake cigarettes. In conclusion, there are arguments for and against this topic because people?s opinions can be very different. I am against smoking and have detailed my arguments against it but have also included some reasons for it because so many people do support it.

Working Poor

The Struggle of the Working Poor Revised Essay Sociology 113 Yvonne Barney October 19, 2012 The Struggle of the Working Poor Society often describes the impoverished with one word, lazy. Society has taught us that if a person wants to be financially successful, it is a simple process of education and hard work that will equate to a successful income. This is the American dream. If the impoverished simply would get a job instead of being lazy, they would not need to rely on programs like welfare. The impoverished would succeed if they only would apply themselves.However, in an attempt to present another point of view, The Working Poor Invisible in America by David K. Shipler (2004) explored multiple variables this group struggles with daily. Chapter 1, â€Å"Money and Its Opposite,† explains the workings and effects of tax payments and refunds, the abuse of the poor by public and private institutions, the spending habits of the working poor, the consumerist culture of the Unite d States, and the omnipresence of money as a guiding factor in the lives of the working poor.Chapter 2, â€Å"Work Doesn’t Work,† chronicles the struggles of three working women as they attempt to climb out of poverty through employment. They hold jobs that pay between $6 and $7 per hour and attempt to eke out a living with the additional assistance of welfare checks, food stamps, Medicaid, and other services. However, a slight raise in their pay creates an offsetting loss in benefits. Chapter 3, â€Å"Importing the Third World,† addresses the poor immigrant workers, both legal as well as illegal, laboring in sweatshop conditions in the United States.Shipler recounts the working conditions of numerous sewing shops in Los Angeles, where legal and illegal immigrants from Mexico, Honduras, Korea, Vietnam, Ethiopia, Thailand, Cambodia, and other nations work for wages below the federal minimum wage and without overtime pay. Chapter 4, â€Å"Harvest of Shame,† tells of the harsh living conditions of migrant farm workers across the United States. They receive low wages—mostly minimum wage; live in deplorable housing; are exposed to azardous pesticides and herbicides; face little government enforcement of labor laws; are difficult to organize due to the transient nature of their work and the undocumented status of most; and are constantly on the move, which does not allow their children stable access to education. Chapter 5, â€Å"The Daunting Workplace,† addresses the diverse challenges the workplace holds for those from the lower rungs of the socioeconomic ladder. Many working poor have no work experience, no education, a criminal record, a drug addiction, and a lifelong absence of role models.Dysfunctional families in which no one works, or even ventures outside the neighborhood, have provided no support system or role models. Chapter 6, â€Å"The Sins of the Fathers,† begins by unveiling an epidemic of sexual abuse that affects all classes and races in the United States. Both the wealthy and the poor are abused; however, the wealthy tend to have the financial as well as the family resources that enable them to overcome abuse. Chapter 7, â€Å"Kinship,† emphasizes the role that kinship plays in overcoming the hardships of poverty.Shipler writes, â€Å"Kinship can blunt the edge of economic adversity† (p. 179). He describes a family of five that has faced all forms of hardship and poverty—from job loss to cancer to the death of the mother—yet holds together through bonds of love and caring. He also chronicles the story of a woman who chose to earn significantly less and be plunged into poverty and debt in order to spend time with her children, one of whom eventually attended Dartmouth College. Chapter 8, â€Å"Body and Mind,† addresses health issues affecting poor families.Shipler mentions malnourishment, susceptibility to infections, disease, chronic conditio ns (such as asthma, diabetes, and allergies), premature birth, retarded cognitive and physical development, stress, and emotional distress, as well as material support that can help a family endure. It is not uncommon for children in poor families to suffer from poor diets, which can be the cause of numerous related health problems. Chapter 9, â€Å"Dreams,† begins with the ambitious professional aspirations of sixth and eighth grade children from poor families in Washington, DC.Shipler contrasts these aspirations with the enormous faced problems beyond their control. Chapter 10, â€Å"Work Works,† is dedicated to the positive impact that job training and working has had on some poor individuals and families. Job training programs that teach soft skills as well as hard skills and are successful in instilling confidence and self-esteem are appreciated by employers. Chapter 11, â€Å"Skill and Will,† emphasizes that American society must understand what it can do using the skills and resources it has to combat poverty.The approach to remedying poverty, Shipler argues, must be holistic, tackling all problems associated with it at once. The United States is often described as a place where anyone can â€Å"pick themselves up by their bootstraps† and realize the American dream of a comfortable lifestyle. But, for over 30 million Americans, this dream is no longer possible. Though we live in the richest and most powerful country in the world, there are many individuals who are living under or at the poverty level. While the United States has enjoyed unprecedented affluence, low-wage employees have been testing the American doctrine that hard work cures poverty† (Shipler, 2004). The status of poverty translates to families of four making around $ 18,850 a year. And as soon as they find work or move just slightly above the $ 18,850 a year (which is still a meager and deprived way to live), they are cut off from welfare subsistence and lose other support designed to help them, such as food stamps and health insurance; This situation often leaves them no better off, and sometimes worse off, than when they were not working.Proponents of welfare reform have verbalized that the working poor are poor because of their lack of effort and laziness; this statement is an oxymoron. The working poor work longer hours, with less pay and few, if any, benefits. Some make the right choices and save a little money, avoid overwhelming debt, and live modestly. Even for those who live carefully off a working wage, it only takes one issue for their world to crumble around them. If the car breaks down or a family member is injured at work, what little savings they have accumulated could be gone in an instant.Why do people stay poor when popular opinion tells us if we work hard, we will be okay. The answer lies in the valued social inequalities; the opportunities available to each socioeconomic status level differ greatly. One factor t hat seems to distribute over the impoverished is lack of education. Lack of knowledge affects every aspect of life from basic health care to effectively raising children in a safe and secure environment. Children who come from a working-wage family should not be disadvantaged.There is no reason why the public education system should not give every child an equal opportunity to graduate high school and continue on to college or trade schools. The fact is public schools are funded to a large degree by property taxes. Impoverished schools receive considerably less funding and have to find ways to make their budgets work. Furthermore, the best teachers are often in school districts that can offer competitive salary. It is a well-known fact that children from affluent families tend to do better in school.Children from low income families tend to do poorer on tests, have a lower graduation rate, and are less likely to attend and complete college (Melville 2012). Yet the income divide has received far less attention from policy makers and government officials than gaps in student accomplishment by race. Now, in analyses of long-term data published in recent months, researchers are finding that while the achievement gap between white and black students has narrowed significantly over the past few decades, the gap between rich and poor students has grown substantially during the same period (Levitan, Magnum & Magnum 1998). We have moved from a society in the 1950s and 1960s, in which race was more consequential than family income, to one today in which family income appears more determinative of educational success than race,† said Sean F. Reardon, a Stanford University sociologist. Professor Reardon is the author of a study that found the gap in standardized test scores between affluent and low-income students had grown by about 40 percent since the 1960s and is now double the testing gap between blacks and whites (Tavernise 2012).A-1 In another study, by resear chers from the University of Michigan, the imbalance between rich and poor children in college completion — the single most important predictor of success in the work force — has grown by about 50 percent since the late 1980s (Tavernise 2012). Tavernise (2012) concluded that 8 % of the working poor hold college degrees compared to 26% of all workers. Although, two-thirds of the working poor hold high school degrees; this proportion is much lower than the 88% of all workers who hold high school degrees.The consequence of not holding a high school degree is often poverty. 22% of workers who do not hold high school degrees fall below the official poverty level which is $23,050 for a family of four, and 34% fell below 150% of the poverty level which is $ 34, 575 for a family of four (â€Å"Problems facing† 2012) . There is some evidence that the working poor are less likely to receive job training from their employers. The combination of lower education and lack of training compared to other workers make it difficult for the working poor to climb out of poverty.Only 30% of the working poor live in married couple families, compared to 65% of all workers. Single, female-headed families are especially overrepresented among the working poor. Among the working poor, 49% live in families headed by a si ngle woman. Of those who live in families headed by a single female, 28% work but live below 150% of the poverty level. In addition, almost half (46%) of all single parents who work and have children under six years old are in poverty.Workers who were never married or those who were once married also face relatively high rates of working poverty. Twenty percent of workers who have never been married and 21% of those who were divorced, widowed, or separated lived below 150% of the poverty level (â€Å"Problems facing† 2012). The working poor are less likely to be covered by health insurance by their employers. Only 18% of the working poor are co vered by health insurance available through their employer or their union, compared to 55% of all workers.Malnourishment, susceptibility to infections, disease, chronic conditions (such as asthma, diabetes, and allergies), premature birth, retarded cognitive and physical development, stress, and emotional distress can be a side effect of lack of health insurance. It is not uncommon for children in poor families to suffer from poor diets, which can be the cause of numerous related health problems. Although many of the working poor qualify for food stamp benefits, few receive them. The average food stamp benefit for a family of four is $ 496 per month (Center on Budget and Policy Priorities 2010).Of those who qualify for these benefits, two-thirds do not receive them. It is unclear why the working poor do not receive these benefits, but lack of need does not seem to be the reason. Research suggests that the working poor do not know that they qualify for these benefits. In addition, we lfare administrators in some states incorrectly tell applicants, especially men, that they do not qualify for these programs. Finally, often local agencies create added barriers to discourage welfare participation.The City of New York, for example, used to require that applicants return to the welfare office for a second visit in order to apply for food stamps. This requirement was eliminated only recently because of a court order (FamiliesUSA. org 2012). Many working poor families cannot find affordable housing. Almost one in six households are cost-burdened, paying more than 30% of household income on housing expenses. Median level shelter costs, including mortgage payments, real estate taxes, property insurance, rent, nd utilities, account for 20% of the average non-poor household's income. For poor households, the median expenditure can be as high as 60% of household income (Levitan, Mangum ; Mangum, 1998). In addition, poor families may face long waiting lists for available sub sidized housing units, especially in rural areas. However, access is improving as extension educators provide the working poor with information about home ownership and special mortgage programs, and how to access them. Balancing employment and parenting demands is especially challenging for the working poor.They have fewer financial resources, and the types of jobs for which most are eligible provide little independence, authority, and flexibility to respond to conflicting demands (Henly 1999). Child care is an important obstacle. Nationwide, high-quality child care is scarce and expensive. Respondents in one study paid, on average, $70 per week for child care, about 22% of their earned income. In the same study, about one-fifth of respondents reported they had no regular child care provider and had to piece together care for their children at the last minute or leave children home alone or with an older sibling.Thirty percent of respondents reported having left a job because of a child care disruption (Henly, 1999). According to a study conducted by the Urban Institute in 2005, more than two thirds of children ages 5 and under from low income families spend a significant amount of time in child care each week. This is significant because the quality of child care available to low income families is much worse than that available to higher income families, and the quality of the child care affects the child's development. High quality, center-based care is expensive and is simply not an option for many low income families.Instead, they turn to informal, sometimes unregulated child care (Melville, 2012). There are federal programs to improve and fund early childhood education, but these programs do not work with the hectic working schedule of low income parents. Child care subsidies are available in some states, but not available to all low income workers. In other words, low income families often have difficulty accessing support systems that help them balanc e work and family life. As a result, the children of low income families are not given the same opportunities as their middle class counterparts (Melville, 2012).Unfortunately, high-quality care tends to be more expensive, and childcare subsidies in many states pay only the average market rate. Moreover, childcare subsidies cover only a minority of the low-income workforce (Henly, 1999). Parents who choose to enroll their children in high-quality child care often would have to pay the additional costs; a choice many cannot afford to make given other demands on the family income. For many working poor families, these additional costs; make selecting high-quality child care financially impossible (Schulman & Adams, 1998).Extension educators can make sure the working poor know about and take advantage of available subsidies, and tax credits can offset the high costs of child care. Transportation is also a major barrier to financial self-sufficiency for many working poor families. Many of the working poor do not get to work with the ease that most working non-poor enjoy (Lambert, 1998). Even though some communities have identified creative solutions to local transportation needs, transportation remains a problem for many of the working poor. Mass transit, if available, is often sparse, not taking direct routes to most job locations.Outside of heavily populated metropolitan areas, public transportation is largely unavailable. Working poverty does not affect everyone to the same extent, and certain segments of our population are more likely to become members of the working poor. Individuals in this category include workers who are most likely to be allocated to the low-wage jobs that fail to provide full-year employment. Women make up a greater share of the working poor than do men, probably because on average they earn lower wages and work fewer hours.Although women comprise 47% of workers between the ages of 18 and 56, 56% of the working poor are women (FamiliesUS A. org, 2012). Non-citizens of the United States are also disproportionately represented among the working poor. Fifteen percent of such workers live below poverty, and 30% live below 150% of the poverty level. Blacks and Hispanics are especially affected; working poverty affects people of color to a much greater extent than it does white Americans. A surprisingly large number of blacks and Hispanics work below the poverty level.Twelve percent of all blacks who work fall below the poverty level, and 23% fall below 150% of the poverty level. Among working Hispanics, the poverty rates are even higher: 14% live below the poverty level and 29% of Hispanic workers fell below 150% of the poverty level (Shipler, 2004). The working poor face a number of difficulties: low wages, insufficient hours, layoffs, lack of skills along with limited health benefits affect their health and other conditions that may affect their work performance. Thus, prescribing one solution is not likely to solve th e problem of working poverty.The working poor need higher wages and jobs that offer full-year employment, wage supplements such as the Earned Income Tax Credit, and access to services such as health care and child care. Most importantly, we should not assume that we can solve the problems of working poverty without income supports. Because many of the working poor are disabled or suffer from other serious health limitations, some workers may not be able to work more hours or in higher paying jobs and must rely on income supports in order to survive above the poverty level. References Center for American Progress (2012. Retrieved October 10, 2012 from http://www. mericanprogress. org/issues/women/report/2008/10/08/5103/the-straight-facts-on-women-in-poverty/ Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. (2010). Retrieved October 10, 2012 from http://www. cbpp. org/cms/index. cfm? fa=view&id=1269 FamiliesUSA. org. (2012). Retrieved October 10, 2012 from http://www. familiesusa. org/resource s/tools-for-advocates/guides/federal-poverty-guidelines. html Henly, J. (1999). Challenges to finding and keeping jobs in the low-skilled labor market. Poverty Research News, 3(1), 1-5. Levitan, S. , Mangum, G. , & Mangum, S. (1998). Programs in aid of the poor.Baltimore, MD: John Hopkins University Press. Melville, J. (2012). Effects of low family income on children. Retrieved 0ctober 10, 2012 from http://www. ehow. com/list_6195251_effects-low-family-income-children. html Problems Facing the Working Poor. (2012). Retrieved September 30, 2012 from http://www. dol. gov/oasam/programs/history/herman/reports/futurework/conference/workingpoor/workingpoor_toc. htm Shipler, D. K. (2004). The working poor: Invisible in America. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. Tavernise, S. (2012, October 10). Education gap grows between rich and poor, Studies say New York Times, February 9, 2012, A1.

The Golden Gate Bridge Essay - 3030 Words

The Golden Gate Bridge Since the dawn of time, man has had an inherent need to get to the other side. Rivers, canyons, and impassable trails have always hindered the migration of man, leaving him the choice to continue no further, or to â€Å"build a bridge and get over it.† The earliest bridges were made of simple materials such as stone, or even a fallen log. Regardless of the material, natural bridges allowed man to explore the â€Å"other side.† However, man has never been satisfied with what nature gives him. Over time, man developed the ability to construct his own bridges in order to create a shortcut across an otherwise impassable obstacle. The first man-made bridges consisted of wooden beams or stone arches. With each†¦show more content†¦The Golden Gate Bridge broke span records and set new safety standards in the bridge building community. Although architects and engineers designed a safe structure, various improvements such as a lighter deck and reinforced steel t russes have been added over the years. The Golden Gate Bridge, in all its glory, is a true structural wonder for both its size and artistic design. Although actual construction began in January of 1933, the idea for the Golden Gate Bridge began back in 1872. At that time, railroad entrepreneur Charles Crocker envisioned bridging the gap across the entrance to San Francisco Bay from the Pacific Ocean. The idea was deemed unfeasible at the time and was put to rest until 1916, when James Wilkins, a newspaper editor, began to heavily promote the idea of building a bridge across the Golden Gate Strait. This time the proposal caught the attention of various bridge engineers in the area. The initial response was that the bridge would be difficult to build and cost in excess of 100 million dollars. Joseph Baermann Strauss stepped in with his proposal that, not only could the bridge be built, but construction would cost less than thirty million dollars. He even believed that tolls would soon pay for the expenses. On June 28, 1921 Strauss submitted his plan to build the Golden Gate Bridge for twenty seven million dollars. While th e City of San Francisco needed the bridge to accommodate the rapid population boom, it lacked the funds toShow MoreRelatedThe Golden Gate Bridge: An Overview672 Words   |  3 PagesThe Golden Gate Bridge The Golden Gate Bridge is a suspension bridge; it is one of the longest bridges in the world, an influential and graceful human structure in an evenly gorgeous natural site, built between the city of San Francisco on the northern tip of the San Francisco Peninsula and Sausalito on the south-facing Marin County headlands. The construction of the bridge started on January 5, 1933 under the support of the Works Projects Administration (WPA), a program commenced by Franklin DelanoRead MoreThe Golden Gate Bridge Essay1221 Words   |  5 PagesThe Golden Gate Bridge is â€Å"considered to be one of the best and most beautiful examples of bridge design† (Poel and Royakkers 110). Unfortunately, this bridge is also the USs most popular place to commit suicide (110). Due to this fact, bridge designers decided that they needed to consider the option of installing some sort of suicide prevention system. Before any decision was made, the ramifications of both implementing a system and not implementing one had to be considered. Deciding whetherRead MoreThe History of the Golden Gate Bridge Essay1420 Words   |  6 Pagesacross the San Francisco Bay stands the world famous Golden Gate Bridge. The bridge is located in one of nature’s most beautiful settings, spanning the mile-wide bay from Fort Point in San Francisco to the Marin County Shore. Joseph Strauss, specializing in bridge building, was the leader of the construction of the Golden Gate Bridge. The start of construction began on January 5, 1993 and, after four years, was completed on April 27, 1997. The bridge was needed to be built because of the growing populationRead MoreDriving Across The Golden Gate Bridge972 Words   |  4 Pages Driving across the golden gate bridge is a sight to see. We ll it is a site o see if you can see through the layers of thick fog and if your car sat up high enough you could see out over the bridge. The air was not freezing, but there was a chill in the breeze that gave me goose bumps. Driving down crooked roads, and eating the sourdough bread instead of the soup inside it are special memories. It was a few days in San Francisco last summer that gave me a love for somewhere other than home. BeingRead MoreAn Engineered Wonder of the World800 Words   |  4 PagesEngineered Wonder of the World This bridge needs neither praise, eulogy nor encomium. It speaks for itself. We who have labored long are grateful. What Nature rent asunder long ago, man has joined today. This is a quote from Joseph Strauss, the engineer that designed the Golden Gate Bridge. The Golden Gate Bridge is truly a piece of engineering excellence. It stretches for almost 9,000 feet over the San Francisco Bay, in San Francisco, California. The bridge has faced many problems during the designingRead MoreSuicide Is An Issue Among The Human Species1389 Words   |  6 Pageshave been recorded on some landmarks; one, in particular, is the Golden Gate Bridge. Some choose this bridge to do the unthinkable and jump off to end their lives. Due to the threat of deaths occurring on the bridge, some have proposed adding precautionary measures to prevent the deaths. The idea of putting up railing or fencing was a possibility mentioned to make the Golden Gate Bridge suicide proof. However, the Golden Gate Bridge s hould not be made suicide proof. It lacks the ability to stopRead MoreThe Death Of Dying Is Never Lovely1173 Words   |  5 Pagesessay, â€Å"Don’t Jump†, the mania from the sensation of her dropping from a precipice. The fall would have resulted in certain death if not for the attached cable halting her torso, SPLAT! Suggesting in the essay, â€Å"That jumping-off San Francisco’s Golden Gate Bridge would be a lovely way to go† (Roach, 2001). 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Options Proposed for the Waste Management Program at the Navistar Plant - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1085 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2018/12/30 Category Business Essay Type Case study Level High school Did you like this example? Introduction Navistar International Corporation carried out a thorough review about the outcomes of the plant-wide waste audit during August 1994. The companys then co-coordinators proposed that necessary steps should be taken to completely address the issue. The coordinator believed that a solid waste management strategy should be adopted to ensure the sustenance of the company. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Options Proposed for the Waste Management Program at the Navistar Plant" essay for you Create order During 1994, Navistar was the leading producer company known in selling both medium and heavy trucks in the entire North American market for 14 successive years. At that time, the corporation only operated eight manufacturing plants as well as 2 technical centers, with a total number of employees of 14, 900 individuals globally. During that year, the company generated $5.3 billion in revenues. Background Navistars premium conventional and serious service trucks were manufactured at the Chatham manufacturing plant, whereas the companys regular usual and cabover trucks were manufactured and assembled at Navistars assembly center located in Springfield. Regardless, the company presented its first environmental, health and safety report for the financial year of 1994. The report, however, outlined that company-wide events, especially in environmental, health and safety sectors as well as the planned program for future environmental, health and safety events for the corporation. The report also included Navistars Environmental Protection Policy which should guide the companys options regarding proposed options for the waste management program. Because of that, Navistar sustained a competent environmental staff with an aim of monitoring and implementing various environmental outlines and to offer training to the companys workers. More so, the companys environmental staff advised the companys vice-president, who then reported to the companys quality management and technology department, who then report to both the president and CEO. To add, the board of directors which had sanctioned the Environmental Protection Policy and Management Program was frequently informed regarding the companys environmental routine. In October 1994, the company officialized a number of its Environmental Executive Committee. The committee was accountable for overseeing and assessing the companys observance with environmental needs, assure the world that the companys environmental thoughts are an integral part of Navistars business programs. Furthermore, the committee was responsible for assuring involved stakeholders that there are enough resources that can support the companys Environmental Management Program. The committee also reviewed all environmental revelations in their yearly 10-K as well as other shareholder statements as needed by the Securities and Exchange Commission, creating and communicating business status on important environmental outlines, problems, legislation and involvement in voluntary environmental outlines funded by various government institutions. Navistars Waste Management Program The company included various environmental processes in their Environmental Management Program. These procedures were developed with an aim of implementing them at all company sites. Therefore, Navistars environmental Protection Policy alongside its Environmental Management Program as well as corporate processes were intended to guarantee the implementation of company-wide environmental programs. Additionally, these programs were implemented in technically achievable and cost-effective ways, and complied with applicable governmental guidelines. To begin with, the company institutionalized its pollution deterrence events according to the GREEN Program. The main objective of this option was to minimize the companys environmental emissions. In this scheme, the companys executive environmental, health and safety directors were explicitly accountable for creating general objectives for waste and emissions minimizations. Each and every facility or plant, nevertheless, was offered with independency to create and highlight specific methods for attaining the programsobjectives. For instance, in the companys 1994 environmental health and safety statement, Navistars management were compelled to design pollution avoidance objectives for 1996. One such goal was to include a 20% decline in the material and waste disposal expenditures. Also, a broad range of plans was in progress, targeting pollution avoidance and decline, and recycling and treatment. In other words, the company had adopted recycling strategies for cardboard, packaging ma terials and wood pallets to name a few. Creating a Sturdy Waste Management Program The company should have substantial prospects for recycling. This means that a plant-wide recycling strategy can be the best pathway to meet the companys waste minimization objectives. However, setting up a budget and recognizing the needed resources for the program is decisive. The prevailing configurations for the companys cardboard or even scraps, for instance, were income-neutral. Therefore, a further waste management program should comprise of extra commitment to recycling to ensure that the current configuration does not get discontinued. Also, the company can include two options in their recycling program. To begin with, the company can contract with a third party waste management corporation to deal with plant waste at a central location. Under this alternative, solid waste gathering in any plant can continue unaffected, even though after its been collected, the solid waste would be shipped for cataloging and processing purposes. Though, sorting can make the company shoulder unnecessary expenses since it is a labor intensive procedure in sorting, managing and shipping recyclable products. The company can also install recycling centers all through the manufacturing plant. Additionally, each center would comprise of numerous containers, even though the total number of containers needed relies of the diversity of the materials recycled, with each container branded to contain particular waste including glass and paper. Though, this suggestion does not clearly outline how many stations will be needed to hold recycled materials. In this alternative, the isolated solid waste would be taken to a processing center situated in the plant where materials to be recycled would consequently be retailed or gotten rid of by other recycling firms. Lastly, for Navistar to efficiently handle their Waste Management programs, they all must have corporate and plant management support. In a nutshell, corporate management ensures that accountable individuals comply with corporate principles and processes, including the team achieving a 20% waste minimization included in their GREEN program. Therefore, efficient plant organization would be closely apprehensive about plant operations as well as profitability. However, the company must first comply with the 3R Regulations which will aid towards the success of waste audit and waste minimization strategy. Conclusion To sum up, it is evident that Navistar Corporation is obligated to following high standards of environmental superiority in addition to offering a workplace that safeguards both the health and safety of their employees as well as the communities neighboring the companys facilities. Therefore, for the company to manage these obligations, in a technically sane and cost-effective way, it must carry out all its operations in observance with pertinent environmental laws and guidelines. The company must also design, create and operate its facilities in a way that safeguards the health and safety of their workers, people in surrounding societies, and even the environment itself among employing other strategies.

Essay about The NSA, Privacy and the War or Terrorism

Edward Snowden is America’s most recent controversial figure. People can’t decide if he is their hero or traitor. Nevertheless, his leaks on the U.S. government surveillance program, PRISM, demand an explanation. Many American citizens have been enraged by the thought of the government tracing their telecommunication systems. According to factbrowser.com 54% of internet users would rather have more online privacy, even at the risk of security (Facts Tagged with Privacy). They say it is an infringement on their privacy rights of the constitution. However, some of them don’t mind; they believe it will help thwart the acts of terrorists. Both sides make a good point, but the inevitable future is one where the government is adapting as†¦show more content†¦However, when the terrorists attacked in 2001, Bush immediately passed the Patriot Act in response. In section 215 of the Patriot Act, it allows the government to collect information regarding terrorist th reats. Basically, the outcome of the Act resulted in easier access to information about any individual. Then in 2005, people of foreign countries began to find out that the government was listening to them, so Congress passed the FISA amendments of 2007, stating that the U.S. government would only interfere with communication if it felt it was a direct threat to the United States. Laws governing surveillance were originally issued by the government to protect the country from terrorists. Yet, critics argue that the NSA program has not helped prevent any terrorist attacks (Elliott). On the contrary, statistics from propublic.org show that fifty-four failed terrorist attacks were identified by the NSA surveillance program. Of that fifty-four, thirteen of them were in the United States (Eliott). Since 9/11, a total of fifty terrorist attacks on U.S. have been thwarted (Carafano). By those numbers, twenty-five percent of terrorists attacks targeted toward the U.S. were foiled because of the NSA. According to heritage.org, between 2001 and 2009, a total of 471 terrorist attacks were against the United States (Carafano). The statistics show that the government needs more help in identifying terrorists. In addition, the government has said that theShow MoreRelatedThe Importance of the Telephone for Communicating1668 Words   |  7 PagesIn short public phones are no t such a nuisance, but private phones often tend to become a nuisance. Thats the big problem in having a telephone because sometimes they are invading our privacy especially those private telephones. This case study talks and explain the invading of some telephone company in the privacy of their client. IMPORTANCE OF TELEPHONE The use of the telephone is very important to all the people now a days, especially to the company. Telephones make the distance reduced theRead MoreThe Night - Original Writing1601 Words   |  7 Pagessafety of others, they lost their lives fighting terrorism, why can’t we lose a little bit of our privacy, so it doesn’t happen again. The NSA should be able to keep, watching terrorist and those in connect with them actions. After this horrible event, it came to light that multiple different organization in the government had information on this attack, but they did not put the information together. Hundreds dead in this horrible act of terrorism, this horrible act that lives in thousands of memoriesRead MoreInvisible M Ethics And A World Without Secrets1663 Words   |  7 Pagesquite that simple. If we are to abandon our rights for the sake of safety in our country we would have little to no privacy. Based on how much the internet, text messages, and other monitorable services are used in daily life. People shouldn’t be so quick to give up their privacy rights in the name of national security. Some people will undeniably argue that giving up a few privacy rights is a small cost for making sure our country is safe from most threats. In his essay, â€Å"Invisible Man: EthicsRead MoreGovernment Surveillance : A Controversial Issue On Terrorism853 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Patriot Act, new NSA programs, and a new found â€Å"war on terrorism.† This has become a controversial issue on whether these programs violate Americans’ civil rights. Future government surveillance can be predicted to only become bigger and stronger, unless citizens seek to change the laws that allow the interception of privacy. Although the Fourth Amendment gives citizens the right to privacy, the interpretation of the law leaves the NSA to ultimately invade peoples’ privacy. The Fourth AmendmentRead MoreThe Nsa And The Terrorist Attacks Against Paris1336 Words   |  6 PagesParis, many American political leaders are urging to increase security measures used to fight terrorism. The question is perpetual, Is government spying necessary to curtail terrorist acts? History The NSA was created on November 4, 1952, by President Harry Truman and was held responsible for collecting, processing, and distributing intelligence information from foreign electronic signals. The NSA contributed to the Nation s work in breaking German and Japanese codes during WWII. The informationRead MoreSurveillance Program Unethical Use Of Computer1628 Words   |  7 PagesPrograms created by US Government to invade people s privacy It is primary mission that governments protect its people, and this protection includes using some software programs to monitor suspicious activities that could be caught on the web or from telecom communications. However, would this act invade people s privacy? Would these programs restrict the people freedom? Is this program unethical use of computer? There has been a case similar to that situation when the US government used nationalRead MoreGovernment Surveillance Should Not Be A Better Medium Between Liberty And Security1093 Words   |  5 Pagesfought game of Tug-of-War. Considering the profusion of various opinions and ideas on the subject of government surveillance there will never be a solution that will satisfy everyone but there is one that will satisfy the majority. There are many logical rationales on the proper course of action whether it is in favor of the National Security Agency (NSA), against them, or a whole other approach entirely and that is completely necessary in developing a sound solution. The NSA, the focal point of thisRead MoreSurveillance and Spying on the Home Front Since 9/11754 Words   |  3 PagesDepartments office of Legal Councel and he also took part in the legality of the NSA domestic surveillance program. Yoo supports government surveillance. One of Yoos arguments is since that the enemy is a group of people and not a nation, these terrorists can possibly disguise themselves as American citizens. The NSA has to identify where certain communications can reveal certain threats. Al Qaeda is disguising messages and the NSA is trying their best to interpret them and found out the meanings. YooRead MoreDomestic Surveillance During The United States1474 Words   |  6 Pagesprivate information that has identified itself with the United States of America. With new found ways of viewing American citizens personal information the federal government had to learn how not to get caught. American citizens have right to their privacy and with all the new Domestic Surveillance programs many were warrantless. In 2002 Bush signed a presidential order allowing the National Security Agency to monitor without a warrant. This presidential order applied to international telephone callsRead MoreThe Government Should Detain Suspected Terrorists Without Trial1036 Words   |  5 Pagesrealized the tragedy and destruction caused by terrorism. Marwan Abu Ubcida, a terrorist in training, said, â€Å"Yes, I am a terrorist. Write that down: I admit I am a terrorist. [The Koran] says it is the duty of Muslims to bring terror to the enemy, so being a terrorist makes me a good Muslim.†(Friedman) That enemy happens to be anyone against what they believe. One such enemy meaning the US because we are against terrorism. There is no justification for terrori sm and no reason for the government to try to

Management Principles Effective Depending on the Environment

Question: Describe about the Management Principles for Effective Depending on the Environment. Answer: Introduction Managers have important role to play in an organization. Their style of managing is different in different situations which are known as their management styles. Management style is the process in which the workers and the work process are managed and management style differs on the basis of individualities, work process and companies culture (Grimsley, 2016). There are four management styles Autocratic: The manager does not involve its workers in the process of decision making and the whole process depends on the manager. Democratic: Decision is a collective effort and the manager respects everyones opinion. This style takes time but the workers are satisfied to a large extent. Paternalistic: It is also called dictatorial. Whenever a decision is made it is explained to the workers and feedback is received from them. Laissez-faire: The workers are independent and the manager is the organizer for the workers. The workers take the duty for their job and are helped by manager during trouble (Management styles, 2016). Management practice: It is a business plan envisioned to help organizations occupied by contests due to irregular markets and adjustment in accordance with the increasing needs of customers (Goodrich, 2013). Steve Jobs Background He was born in 1955 in California. He was an American entrepreneur, a computer genius and designer. He studied in Reed College in Portland. In 1976 when he was in twenties, he founded his own company called Apple computer company with Wozniak. Apple came into market in 1977. He was the main marketing force behind Apples and was the CEO of Apple inc. (Elton, 2016). Management style and Practice Steve Jobs was a leader who does not conform to what is done generally. His management style was not confined to text books but he developed his self-vision of how things should be carried out, explained workers about this vision and let them work on their own according to their skills and intervene, when required. He needed excellence from his workers and brought workers, stakeholders and consumers to pronounce his vision. He used Laissez-faire style of management (McInerney, 2011). This can be understood from an example in which Steve Jobs asked Corning, an employee to form the gorilla glass for iphone, Corning said that it wasnt possible. Then Jobs said that it can be done in half a year. And surprisingly, Corning did it in less than 6 months (Famous Laissez Faire Leaders, 2016). His practice includes developing of culture of love and respect among managers and workers. He gives workers independence to bring desired changes and believed that time is important and challenging the w orker inspires him to grow. He only hired those workers who were interested in Apple. He promoted a startup type culture inside the company, no matter how big Apple became (Male, 2011). Warren Buffett Background He is regarded as the Oracle of Omaha. He is called as the investment genius. He was born in 1930 in United States. He studied business at University of Pennsylvania and Nebraska. He developed Buffett Partnership Ltd. in 1956 and governed Berkshire Hathaway. His corporation grew at a rapid rate in sectors like media, insurance, energy, food and beverage.He is a person who invests in promoting goodness for others by means of charity. He is one of the richest man in the world (Warren Buffett biography, 2016). Management style and practice Warren Buffett exhibited the laissez faire and democratic management styles. He chooses workers who are qualified, skillful and let them do their job independently. He employs managers who are intelligent and are passionate in becoming a part of business. He always motivates them after failures and makes them learn from their mistakes (Cheah, 2013). He is part of the leadership team of many companies and invest in those companies and then trust his managers to get the results he wants (Gill, 2016). He believed in developing self-respect and confidence in the workers so that they dont make errors. He admires others and gives attention to everyones opinion and communicates modestly so that managers do not easily leave the company and new talent is keen in joining the company. He remains open and honest with the workers (Stallard, 2014). TOMMY LASORDA Background He was born in 1927 in United States. He started his career as a baseball player at the age of 18 and then became coach for the Dodgers. He is the most famous American baseball supervisor and became diplomat for serving as a manager for 20 years in Los Angeles Dodgers. As a manager, his team won two world championships. He was welcomed in Hall of Fame and is still a consultant for Dodgers (Tommy Lasorda Biography, 2016). Management style and practice Tommy Lasorda follows democratic management style and have trust on his players decisions and his decisions. Unlike any manager, he sent a hurt batter to play besides an ace pitcher and won the game which shows the characters of a democratic manager. And also in 1988, his decision to allow Kirk Gibson pinch hit lead to teams victory and one of the most unforgettable part in baseball records (Gill, 2016). He believes that people who struggle to survive performs excellently. He wants the players to know that he is dependent on them. He takes the players out with him and hugged and patted them frequently. He believes in motivating and maintaining an open communication with them. He inspired the new players and brought out the talent hidden in them to finally win the game (Lasorda, 1989). TONY LA RUSSA Background Tony La Russa was born in 1944 in Florida in United States. He started his career in 1963. After a serious injury he played in junior leagues till 1977. In 1979 he worked as a manager for White Sox. In 1995 he guided the Cardinals and worked for his team and guided them to 3 World Series titles, 6 league championships and 12 division titles. In 1913 he was elected to the Hall Of Fame. At present he is working for Arizona Diamondbacks (Hall of Frame, 2016). Management style and practice Tony La Russa management style is such that he concentrates much more on winning the game than any other manager. As a manager he took Cardinal defeats in a strange manner exaggerating his own importance or power, but that was towards a positive approach. He was not a person to be loved as a manager. He can never be seen in a state of peaceful happiness or relaxed (Will, 2013). His management style was autocratic in nature. He never used to tell anyone what he planned. He know each player on personal level and then prepare for the game. Comparison of Management style and practice Each of the management style is different and has different impacts on employees. Tony La Russa uses the autocratic style in which he made plans himself and does not tell his plans to his team and made his players do as per according to his plans. In this management style the players are not independent and their creativity is restricted and do what their manager wants. He lost as many games as he won. As contrast in Democratic style as used by Tommy Lasorda, the opinions from team are also welcomed and the one that is good is followed. It gives the player a thinking as they are also important and brings inspiration within them and they dont feel pressurised. Warren Buffett also uses the democratic style and each worker opinion is welcomed. This style causes business to prosper as happened with him as this style brings lots of creativity in business. In Laissez-faire style as is followed by Steve Jobs, he gives the task and the worker has to decide how to carry out. This can decrease the output and can reduce regulation because of laziness of workers but this does not happens with him as he employed qualified workers who had passion for the company (Crowell, 2016). Discussion of the effectiveness All the management styles differ in their control over their workers and their environment and all are effective when applied in favourable environment. The autocratic leader gives his worker no control. Democratic half control and Laissez-faire full control. According to me democratic management style is the most effective as in this style liberty is given to the workers to express their opinion but half control of them is still in the hands of manager, so possibility of mistakes are rare as seen by the managerial approaches by Lasorda and Buffett(Macbeth, 2016). Lassiez-faire is least effective as in this case full control is in hands of workers. It is only effective when the workers are highly talented and treat the company as their own as in case of Steve Jobs. The Autocratic style is dependent wholly on the leader, if he is mature enough things will work out to be positive as in case of Tony la Rasso. But if he had chosen any other style he would not have lost as many games as he did now Buffett approach towards managing workers is the best as he never becomes harsh on anyone and is lenient on his workers and so people enjoys working with him and also talented people from different companies will want to join him. Another thing is motivation in management practice which show more results than expected as in case of Steve Jobs, Warren Buffett, Tommy Lasorda. Effective and good communication also helps a lot. Conclusion As compared and discussed above all the leadership styles it is concluded that all the leadership styles can be effective depending on the environment of the organization, the role and function of the managers and the settings suitable for the management style. But according to me Democratic is the most suitable for any organization as all people treats themselves as equal and no burden is laid on the workers. List of references Grimsley, S. (2016). Management styles: Definition, theory and types. Accredited Business. Goodrich, R. (2013). What is practice Management? Business News Daily. Elton, J. (2016). Steve Jobs Biography. Encyclopaedia of world biography. Lasorda, T., Dumaine, B. (1989). Business secrets of Tommy Lasorda. FORTUNE magazine. McInerney, S. (2011). Steve Jobs: an unconventional leader. Fairfax media. Macbeth. (2016). Authoritarian, Democratic and Laissez-faire leadership. Enotes. Male, B., Lubin, G. (2011). 8 Management Lessons I Learned Working Under Steve Jobs. Business Insider. Crowell, E. (2016). Leadership Styles and Types: Authoritarian, Laissez-Faire Democratic. Sociology 101. Stallard, M. (2014). Warren Buffetts 3 Practices that Attract and Retain Top Talent. The Wall Street Journal. Management Best Practices 2016, Tutorials point, viewed 2016, https://www.tutorialspoint.com/management_concepts/management_best_practices.htm. Famous Laissez Faire leaders 2016, Advise America, viewed 2016. https://www.adviseamerica.com/famous-laissez-faire-leaders/. Biography.com Editors 2016, Warren Buffett Biography, AE Television Networks, viewed 28 August 2016, https://www.biography.com/people/warren-buffett-9230729#related-video-gallery. Biography.com Editors 2016, Tommy Lasorda Biography, AE Television Networks, viewed 28 August 2016, https://www.biography.com/people/tommy-lasorda-9542214#hall-of-fame. Gill, E 2014, What is Democratic/Participative Leadership? How Collaboration Can Boost Morale. St Thomas University, viewed 25 november 2014, https://online.stu.edu/democratic-participative-leadership/. Cheah, A. (2013). Warren Buffett. [Blog] Posts(atom). Available at: https://agnescheah.blogspot.in/p/blog-page.html [Accessed 25 November 2013]. Will, L. (2013). Overwhelmingly Himself. Sports on Earth. Tony La Russa 2016, National Baseball Hall of Fame. Viewed 2016, https://baseballhall.org/hof/larussa-tony.